ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae, is broadly used due to its immunomodulatory effects, potentials in protecting against many sever-disorders, and high safety-profile. The aim of this work is to make a phytochemical analysis of J. regia oil and kernel exploring their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials utilizing combined bio-guided gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC-MS), gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses. Combined bio-guided GC-MS, GC-FID and RP-HPLC analyses is an innovative-combined-technique aiming at efficiently analyzing various-extracts phytochemical and biological characters. The J. regia oil and kernel ethyl-acetate extract were monitored during exploring their possible acute-antinflammatory, antidiabetic and antidiabetic-neuropathy. Glycated-hemoglobin, serum-insulin, serum-catalase and lipid-peroxidation levels have been also monitored. Combined bio-guided GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC analyses have shown to be an efficient analyzing-method through identifying the most active compound, linoleic acid. Linoleic acid has shown the highest improvement of the acute inflammatory-pain, chronic blood-glucose level reduction, serum-insulin elevation, and normalization of glycated-hemoglobin levels. J. regia oil has shown more lipid-peroxidation reduction, while kernel ethyl-acetate extract has shown more acute-blood-glucose level reduction and serum-catalase levels elevation. Compared to tramadol, the highest-doses of J. regia oil, kernel ethyl-acetate extract, and linoleic acid have shown higher antinociceptive-potentials in amelioration of thermal-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic neuropathic-pain. Thus, the antinflammatory, the reduction of oxidative-stress, and the insulin-secretagogue potentials might be among the possible mechanisms of improvement of neuropathic-pain. In correlation to conventional-techniques, the combined bio-guided analyses have shown to be an efficient innovative-combined technique. After further clinical studies, J. regia might be utilized as a possible-remedy for various painful-syndromes.